Tar content and smoke inhalation were not significant risk factors for wheeze or dyspnea. Smoke inhalation was a significant risk factor for chronic cough (p = 0.029) and for chronic phlegm (p = 0.038). The effect of cigarette tar was linear and independent of cigarettes smoked per day. High tar cigarette smokers in this population (average, 22 mg) had an odds ratio of 2.01 for chronic cough and 1.59 for chronic phlegm relative to low tar cigarette smokers (average, 7 mg). Cigarette tar content was a significant independent risk factor for chronic cough (p = 0.005) and of borderline significance for chronic phlegm (p = 0.077). Ex-smokers showed risks between those of current and never smokers. The odds ratios for these symptoms in a smoker of 25 or more cigarettes per day relative to a smoker of 1–14 cigarettes per day were 4.74, 4.21, 2.05, and 3.71, respectively. Among current smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was consistently the strongest risk factor for chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, and dyspnea. Risk factors were evaluated by logistic analysis that adjusted for multiple potential confounding factors. Standardized respiratory disease questionnaires (ATS-DLD-78) were administered to 5,686 adult women.
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